The ideal society is poverty eradication and common prosperity.
The rich and the poor are problems of stock, and income distribution is an incremental problem. If the distribution of income is fair, that is, the greater the creation of social wealth and the greater the distribution of income, it will effectively stimulate people’s desire to create wealth, promote the continuous progress of human society, and at the same time need to support citizens with a lack of ability to work. This is the human obligation of the country and society. . Therefore, the problem of the rich and the poor and the distribution of income must be considered from an economic perspective as well as from a social perspective.
At the same time, rich and poor are the result, and income distribution is the cause. The solution to the gap between the rich and the poor, starting from the distribution of income, is to transform it from imparting fish to imparting fish.
To establish a socialist income distribution system with Chinese characteristics in a new era, the goal is not to reduce wealth and common poverty, but to be prosperous and to eliminate poverty.
Get higher income path
What caused the difference in people's income?
The amount of wealth created by people includes the desire to create wealth, the ability to create wealth, and the conditions in which resources are used. Some people are more diligent, more pursuing, and they have a stronger desire to create wealth, they are more likely to gain more income; some people are smarter, more organized and cooperative, have stronger capabilities, and are more likely to obtain More income; some people have more external resources, markets, capital and other external resources, but also have the possibility of more income.
To sum up, in the real world, there may be eight reasons for higher incomes: 1. Entrepreneurs start their own businesses, assume higher risks and responsibilities than their employees, and achieve higher income after success. It is often easy to see the income and aura of successful entrepreneurs, while ignoring the proportion of their entrepreneurial failures: After 3 years of entrepreneurship, less than 30% of companies can survive, leaving only about 10% after 5 years. Entrepreneurs shoulder greater risks and responsibilities. Enterprises encounter difficulties and employees can change jobs. Entrepreneurs do not. Successful entrepreneurs have also created a large number of jobs. They have also become social models that have brought together a group of entrepreneurs. The social benefits they create are far greater than the personal wealth they have earned and they have significant positive externalities.
Successful entrepreneurs often have three characteristics different from professional managers: First, they are persistent and responsible in their entrepreneurial goals. In the face of dilemmas, they cannot avoid. Entrepreneurs must create value for their employees and create value for their employees in order to realize their own goals. Second, people with the spirit of adventurousness, who dare to break the tradition and enter the unknown, may become successful entrepreneurs. Third, in the uncertain decision-making environment, professional managers often conduct strategic analysis through various professional theories and methods, and the market The timing of decision-making in China is fleeting, and it is generally too late to obtain enough information and must make fuzzy decisions. Entrepreneurs are those with such intuition and potential.
According to our 2017 statistics, about 60% of China's high net worth individuals are entrepreneurs and freelancers. These private entrepreneurs created more than 60% of jobs for the country and made important contributions to the rapid development of the Chinese economy. It can be expected that in the future the complete completion of China's well-off society and the growth of the middle class must rely on entrepreneurs.
2, wisdom and hard work, more inventions and more high-quality output, bring higher income. The advancement of society and the improvement of people’s living standards fundamentally depend on scientific and technological advancement and commodity services. Obviously, the providers of scientific and technological workers and commodity services should receive the due rewards. Smart labor creates wealth for the society and should be the main object of wealth distribution and income distribution. The quality and quantity of labor achievements should become the core basis for income distribution. This is not only an important source for becoming wealthy people, but also a major source of the middle class. According to our statistics for 2017, about 25% of China's high-net-worth individuals are professional managers and professionals. They have created social wealth through their own wisdom and professionalism, and have also created their own high income.
3, to grasp more and more timely market information and resources, have a more keen business sense, through the market arbitrage to obtain higher income. The actual market will be more or less separated by regions and industries. The market's savvy merchants may use these differences to make profits. Since the price level is often a reflection of the relationship between supply and demand, the purchase of goods from low-price regions to high-priced regions to sell goods objectively optimizes the allocation of resources in the market, making the market mechanism more effective and reducing market volatility to some extent.
4, emerging scarce industries, scarce jobs will often have higher income. Emerging industries are more in need of talents. Higher income will optimize the distribution of human resources among industry regions. For example, outstanding doctors and teachers should be given higher treatment to attract more qualified personnel to enter and alleviate insufficient medical and educational resources. Pressure on the supply side.
5. Use market monopolies or policy advantages to obtain higher income. The high income in this area is not the most effective for the creation of social wealth and should be taken seriously.
6. Utilize existing capital and asset advantages, investment profits or return on assets, such as stock investment or real estate rental.
This aspect is the optimization and re-allocation of social capital and asset resources. Although it does not belong to the core category of distribution according to work, it objectively plays a role in the optimal allocation of social resources to some extent. For example, the current high-net-worth population investing in entrepreneurship and innovation is an essential supplement to industrial capital and government funds, an important way to diversify social investment risks, and an important force for promoting scientific and technological progress.
7, heritage inheritance. It is one of the dreams of the Chinese people and is an important carrier for the spiritual transmission of the Chinese people. However, how to balance the solidification of the shade, the descendants, and the stratum is an important issue that needs to be considered.
8, accidental income and other. Everyone's ability and conditions are different. Even with the same ability, the income of different industries and different regions may also vary greatly. For example, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Zhejiang provinces tend to have more savvier business climates and minds. Different positions in sales, technology, and administration in enterprises also have different incomes and stability. Moreover, each person will also experience changes in income during different career stages.
At the same time, we find that there are five different types of poverty or low income: 1. lack of work capacity due to disability, illness, or accident; 2. low income due to unequal opportunities due to information, environmental occlusion, etc.; 3. Low income due to differences in education and growth environment; 4. Low income due to differences in ability; 5. Low income due to laziness and unwillingness to employ.
Common prosperity + protect the weak
The science and fairness of the socialist income distribution system lie in the distribution according to work and social security, that is, the unity of labor to achieve common prosperity and human care to protect the weak. The division between the rich and the poor is not socialism. The "big pot" that is not allocated according to work is not socialism. The goal of socialism is to achieve common prosperity instead of common poverty.
The so-called distribution according to work is that the more wealth is created, the more income should be. In particular, mental work, in today's artificial intelligence and manufacturing upgrades, simple physical labor and repeated labor have been gradually replaced by machines. Intelligent labor is the characteristics of human beings as a senior life, and talent and wisdom are the real bonuses.
Encouraging prosperity instead of restricting affluence requires a deep understanding of the connotation of supply-side structural reforms. It is the current structural analysis of the problem of income distribution and the rich and the poor, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Encouraging intelligence and smart labor to become rich, creating more and better employment opportunities through the first wealth, setting up a social model of enriching talents and getting rich through the first wealth, and becoming a supplement to the national government’s social security system by participating in the charitable charity first, thus truly achieving the first The rich drive the rich and achieve common prosperity.
Poverty treatment should help the weak not help lazy, but also needs a structural difference analysis. Those who do not have the ability to work or have insufficient ability to work should be given a "fish", based on government guarantees to eradicate poverty, and those who wish to get rich but lack education and information and develop external environmental conditions must "learn to fish". Through the basic education, vocational education, infrastructure construction, and market environment construction, create external conditions and conditions for the self-development of laborers, cutting off the vicious cycle of poverty; for lack of willingness to work laziness, education systems and information platforms should be adopted. Building awaken its desire to rely on both hands and brains to pursue a better life. It is necessary to “learn by it” and solve its inner obstacles to becoming rich.
Therefore, the purpose of taxes such as personal income tax and inheritance tax is not to “simply cut down on high incomes, but to treat structurally different situations such as getting rich in smart labor and enriching resources and capital, and to establish a financial security system to help the weak in society. At the same time, we encourage affluent people to voluntarily organize charitable public welfare systems and become a useful supplement to the government's security system.
In fact, efficiency and fairness are not contradictory. The real fairness is distribution according to work, that is, at the same time achieving efficiency optimization, avoiding people who do little or nothing, and even those who do not work, get nothing for nothing and equal pay for equal opportunities; Contains the care of human nature, including the balance of "Teach your fish", "Teach your fish" and "Teach yourselves what you want."
Therefore, the scientific personal income tax system should be to encourage smart labor to become rich, start a business to create wealth, regulate capital asset income and inheritance income, limit monopoly and speculative income, prohibit illegal income, establish a negative income tax mechanism to inspire self-impoverished, and explore diversified charities With the public interest system, we will establish a socialist income distribution system with Chinese characteristics in a new era, and ultimately realize a common and prosperous Chinese dream.
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