Energy is an essential driving force for economic and social development. In China, environmental issues have received extensive attention and the requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction of enterprises have become increasingly stringent. At the same time, the structural adjustment of the energy economy has also deepened. How to make the future of energy production and consumption maintain good economical, reliability and sustainability? Experts believe that the development of a distributed energy source near the user's side in line with local conditions is a feasible and feasible way to achieve more scientific, reasonable and friendly electricity production and use. road.
What are the opportunities for the development of distributed energy in China? What are the opportunities and challenges encountered? How should we respond? Prof. Lin Boqiang, Dean of the China Energy Policy Institute, Xiamen University, Deng Youqun, Deputy General Manager of Tianjin Huadian Beidai Distributed Energy Co., Ltd., and China Energy Conservation Association Zhang Dongsheng, secretary general of the Thermoelectric Industry Alliance, shared their views from their respective perspectives.
Developing Distributed Is a Reasonable Choice of Energy Transformation
At present, China’s energy structure is still dominated by fossil energy, and the level of clean energy and renewable energy utilization needs to be improved, but the overall energy production and elimination structure is constantly being optimized. According to the data released by the National Energy Work Conference in 2016, the proportion of coal in China's primary energy production was below 70% for the first time, and non-fossil energy growth was close to 12%. In the first half of 2017, China’s clean energy installed capacity increase was significantly higher than thermal power, and renewable energy accounted for 70% of newly installed capacity.
In this regard, Zhang Dongsheng believes that China's energy structure has entered a period of strategic adjustment, oil and gas to replace coal, non-fossil energy alternative to fossil energy is accelerating the double turnover, in order to improve the level of environmental governance, the energy sector supply-side structural reform should be placed first .
At the same time, new energy sources such as solar and wind power have begun to flourish. According to Lin Boqiang, distributed energy is an important way to solve the problem of new energy use. He pointed out that although the total installed capacity of wind power and solar energy in China has reached the first place in the world, the phenomenon of “discarding wind and disposing of light” is still serious.
“Large new energy bases are mainly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions, but the local electricity market has limited capacity. To make full use of the units, we must use the UHV transmission system to transport electricity over long distances to the economically developed eastern regions. However, The transportation cost of this method is too high.In addition, the natural volatility of new energy will also bring impact on the power grid system.Overall, the utilization hours of new energy is too low. To overcome this bottleneck, the use of distributed energy is A feasible road is also a clear development strategy for the Chinese government. The biggest advantage of this approach is that the power generation facilities are relatively close to the load center and can avoid large-scale problems of 'discarding the wind' and 'removing light' to some extent. He explained.
Zhang Dongsheng believes that there are three main reasons why China should vigorously develop distributed energy: First, distributed energy sources make energy production close to the demand side, and minimize power loss and heat (cold) power management losses, and use “temperature counterparts.” "Rational utilization" principle, according to different degrees of thermal energy temperature to different degrees of energy utilization, can significantly increase energy efficiency; Second, whether distributed or distributed photovoltaic, are clean and efficient energy, can significantly reduce emissions, waste water and solid waste Third, the advancement of digital technology, especially the popularization of new technologies such as smart grids, has opened up ideas for the development of distributed energy systems and also provided the technical foundation.
Despite its many advantages, the promotion and application of distributed energy in China is still constrained by many factors, requiring the country to provide further support from the policy level. In response, Zhang Dongsheng pointed out that due to the high price of small gas turbines, photovoltaic modules, and energy storage systems used in the distributed energy field, the construction cost of distributed energy is still relatively high, and the economy is relatively poor compared to conventional energy sources. Without the support of national fiscal policies, long investment recovery periods will affect investment enthusiasm. Therefore, technological development encouragement, investment incentives and tax incentives, macroeconomic policies of relevant national departments such as power system reforms and thermal system reforms, and regional development policies of local governments are all external environments in which distributed energy applications are indispensable.
Industrial system innovation needs to break through the bottleneck
In addition to policy support, the development of distributed energy also requires technical support. Due to natural intermittent and random issues, distributed energy sources are likely to cause voltage fluctuations and voltage flicker after grid connection. To achieve power distribution in the distribution network, ensuring power supply reliability and power quality are major challenges.
Lin Boqiang said: "To solve the volatility problem of new energy, it is necessary to fully integrate energy storage and other innovative technologies into the microgrid model. In this regard, multinational companies with advanced microgrid digitization and automation technologies can provide reference for Chinese companies. Such multinational companies as Siemens can solve energy storage problems through advanced technologies, and can do a better job of smart microgrids and distributed integrated management, and solve the problems in China's distributed energy development from a technical and business model. ”
Lin Boqiang believes that talent and technology complement each other. To realize the systematic innovation of an industry, the core role cannot be separated from people. Germany has long adopted dual education to meet this challenge. Under this system, students can enter public vocational schools and receive on-the-job training as a paid internship in companies such as Siemens. This will be a good combination of personnel training and industrial practice. China's distributed energy industry is maturing, and the combination of this theory and practice may provide us with some inspiration.
The potential of the integration scheme is huge
Compared with traditional energy systems, distributed energy projects have their own characteristics because of their small scale and new technology. Deng Youqun, who has been engaged in research and practice of distributed energy for many years in the power industry, believes that there are four key points for doing distributed energy projects. First, select the site and implement it step-by-step, step by step to promote the project according to market demand; second, go to the power plant and cultivate users, leaving behind the idea of building an existing large-scale gas-fired power station and a large-scale wind power photovoltaic base, according to the new energy itself. Characteristics, to achieve coordinated development based on local conditions; Third, rational allocation, lower cost, and use of the most scientific optimization program to achieve energy cascade utilization; Fourth, improve quality, increase efficiency, introduce competition, use innovative in a changing environment Perspectives improve operational management.
Combining a wealth of practical experience, Deng Youqun gave his opinion on the construction of distributed energy projects: “If a distributed energy station is used only for power generation, it is not economical to use cold and hot loads. Therefore, distributed energy cannot The main purpose of power generation is to generate power, and to use cold and heat to set the power, with the principle of good real benefits, fully guarantee that the unit's utilization hours reach over 4500 hours, the overall efficiency reaches over 70%, and surplus hot water and steam are utilized, and comprehensive Apply a variety of energy-saving measures including cooling towers, heat pump recovery technology, gas inlet cooling and natural gas heating, etc. In particular, care should be taken not to build excessively large projects, to break existing design regulations and to more flexibly arrange units, while at the same time cultivating markets And adapt to regional needs."
To achieve this effect, companies should comprehensively plan and control the complex energy flow and transformation in the project. If products from different suppliers are used in power generation, transmission and distribution, and energy storage, this may affect the efficiency of information transmission and the overall controllability of the project. In response, Zhang Dongsheng pointed out: “In the construction of a distributed energy system, adopting an overall solution can enable owners to reduce technological risks and financial risks in various stages of surveying, designing, construction, operation and maintenance, and avoiding the resulting ones. Series problems."
“The overall solution is an inevitable product of modern business services. It integrates resources, simplifies the process, and improves efficiency.” Zhang Dongsheng summed up the “four benefits”, “this approach is conducive to the unification of standards, interfaces, data. And standards, improve the stability between equipment collaboration and human-machine collaboration; help the overall system optimization, facilitate the expansion; help reduce investment costs, improve investment controllability; is conducive to duration assurance and operation and maintenance stability, for personnel training bridge."
Market Potential Growth Should Be Concerned
When it comes to the future of distributed energy, Deng Youqun is optimistic. “The United States now has 7,000 to 8,000 gas distribution projects, and our country plans to reach 1,000 by 2020. At present, the development speed has not yet fully followed, but it has great potential,” he said.
Deng Youqun believes that governments, companies, and suppliers must pay attention to the selection and training of users and pay more attention to the demand market.
Zhang Dongsheng pointed out that the development of distributed energy is also a feast of equipment manufacturers. The explosive growth of small and medium-sized gas turbines in the future can be expected. In the face of opportunities, multinational corporations such as Siemens should strengthen cooperation with local Chinese companies in technology development and equipment production, complement each other's advantages, cultivate markets, and give full play to their advantages in system integration and control systems. System optimization configuration and energy efficient use of articles.
“The development of distributed energy will bring about the prosperity of the entire industrial chain such as energy production industry, power industry, technology supply, equipment production and sales, and customer end. This will be a transformation in the energy field and an important historical opportunity.” Zhang Dongsheng said.
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