Onion cultivation techniques

1 Soil Preparation and Fertilization

Planting hair shallots should be selected as flat lands, and soils with loose soil, strong water retention and fertility, and convenient drainage and irrigation. Soil preparation requires that the soil should be loosened by about 30cm, and the soil leveled and finely grounded. A high-quality rotted farmyard fertilizer of 45 tons and a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer of 450 to 750 kg per hectare should be used as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer should be applied to a 15 cm layer.

2 Seeding

Seed sowing on April 5~10, adopting an alfalfa method with a width of 12Ocm, including a 90cm cocoon surface and 15cm each on both sides. The row spacing is 8cm15cm or 10cm15cm. The ridge cultivation method uses a ridge distance of 65cm and the row spacing is 8cm15cm per hectare. Bao Miao 63.0 to 675,000 strains.

3 Field Management

a. Fertilizer Water Management Onion roots are distributed in the soil surface and have a weak ability to absorb fertilizer and water. During the growing period, the onion should be top-dressed in appropriate amounts to allow the plants to thrive and provide sufficient nutrients for the formation of the hypertrophic bulbs. In the early stage of growth, hairy onion seedlings are applied with 150kg of ammonium sulfate and 75kg of potassium sulfate per hectare. When entering the peak period of the hairy leaves, 225kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per hectare and continuously applied twice. When the green onion bulb starts to expand, 300kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per hectare. Potassium sulfate 75 ~ 150kg, continuous application 1 ~ 2 times.

After the onion sowing, if the soil moisture before emergence is good, you do not need to water, in order to raise the temperature and promote rooting; if the drought is severe, should be timely irrigation according to flood conditions, but the amount of irrigation should not be too large. After emergence, it will increase the number of irrigation times, and it will be sprayed once every 7-8 days. After the seedling grows to a certain height, the bulb part begins to expand. At this time, the amount of irrigation should be controlled to carry out the seedlings, and the seedling stage should be 7-10 days. After seedling emergence, the green onion enters into the bulb expansion period. At this time, the number of irrigation should be increased. Generally, irrigation is performed once every 5 to 6 days, and the irrigation time is appropriate in the morning. When the bulb is mature, the number of irrigation should be reduced, 7-8 days before harvest, when the field plants began to appear natural lodging should stop irrigation, in order to reduce the water content of the bulb, improve the storage of the bulb. In a certain period of time, successive operations of top dressing and irrigation are sequentially performed.

b. Diseases and Insect Pest Control The main diseases of onion include downy mildew, gray mold, purple spot, and pests such as onion thrips. Prevention and control of pests and diseases should be based on prevention, spraying once every 7 to 10 days after emergence, and selecting clear and windless days. Downy mildew and gray mold can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1500 times spray; purple spot can be controlled with 72% agricultural streptomycin 2000 times foliar spray, even against 2 or 3 times; onion can be used 30% speed grams of EC 800 to 1000 times spray control.

4 Harvesting

When two-thirds of the leaves in the field turn yellow and begin to fall, the outer scales of the bulbs dry and they are harvested. Harvesting is usually conducted before the arrival of the rainy season in early July to avoid drizzle and rain, which is convenient for storage.

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