The latest desalination systems, which combine biofilm technology and frontier nanotechnology to convert sunlight into heat, bring about a new revolution in seawater desalination.
The lack of water has always been a global concern, and the exploitation of the vast oceans on Earth is the most straightforward idea that everyone wants to solve. The oldest method of extracting fresh water from seawater is distillation, boiling brine, collecting water vapor and letting it pass fresh water through a condenser tube. Distillation has been in use for centuries, but it requires complex infrastructure and consumes less energy due to boiling water and steam generation, resulting in energy inefficiencies that make it more than half the cost of running water distillation equipment as energy.
Emerging technology for seawater desalination is membrane distillation, where hot brine flows into one side of the porous membrane and cold water flows out from the other side. Salt water is naturally drawn into the membrane from hot to cold, and since seawater does not require boiling, the energy requirement is less than the energy requirement of traditional distillation. However, the cost of energy is still very high because of the large amount of energy lost during hot water cooling.
Rice University announced on the 19th that one of their research teams has developed a seawater desalination system that combines membrane distillation with light-harvesting nanodevices to significantly reduce the amount of energy they need and to keep the entire process off the power system Power supply, the so-called off-grid technology. Currently, more than 18,000 desalination plants operate in 150 countries, but NEWT says the seawater desalination technology they developed is different from other technologies used today.
The study was conducted at Rice University's federally funded nanotechnology water treatment center (NEWT). Since its establishment in 2015, NEWT has been working on a technology called Nano-Photonic Solar Film Distillation (NESMD) that combines biofilm filtration with leading-edge nanotechnology that converts sunlight into heat.
In this system, to improve efficiency, NEWT researchers combine commercially available membranes with nanoparticles that convert light energy into thermal energy. This is achieved by heating the membrane itself as long as there is sunlight, without requiring the power system to stably supply hot water there, and reducing the need for electricity to just running one because it does not require large amounts of energy to heat the Water Pump to push fluid through the system. Therefore, the entire modular system can run on several solar panels.
Because the system is modular and easy to architect, it is possible to calculate the module area to be installed based on water demand, even in remote mountainous areas, offshore oil rigs and disaster relief sites, to install the required seawater Desalination system. This technology also makes it easy to replace the membrane distillation technology currently used in more than 18,000 water purification plants worldwide.
Qilin Li, a Rice University scientist and water treatment specialist, said: "This system will change the lives of about one billion people who do not have access to clean drinking water, and this off-grid technology will not only provide enough clean water for families Or large-scale built in the area to provide water for more people in the community. "This shows that the system is very flexible in use, easy to implement and easy to commercialize, with a huge commercial value.
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