Integrated pest control of mushrooms

Mushroom cultivation has become more and more extensive. Comprehensive control of mushroom diseases and insect pests is the key to ensure high quality and high yield of mushrooms. It can effectively control mushroom diseases and pests to the lowest level, and can obtain the best income with the minimum investment. In the cultivation of mushrooms, if the strains have pests and diseases, the culture materials are not thoroughly fermented or the soil is not strictly sterilized. The pathogens and eggs will be brought into the mushroom bed; there are a large number of pathogenic spores in the walls, ground, bed frame and air of the mushroom house. Spreading will cause mushrooms to become pests. The principle of comprehensive prevention and control of mushroom diseases and insect pests is “prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control”, and the specific integrated prevention and control measures for “eliminating the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route, controlling the disease conditions, and treating the diseased area” are as follows: 1. Quality. Select high-yield, high-quality, strong resistance to pests and diseases, strong resistance to the strains. If you introduce strains that have not been validated at random, there is a danger of spreading pests and diseases, especially the risk of spreading mushroom virus disease. Mushroom strains used for cultivation should generally be produced and supplied by professional strains and plants, such as provincial and county mushroom mushroom strains at all levels, so as to ensure the use of high-quality strains. The dominant strains should generally have suitable age and life. Strong, without pests and diseases, the appearance of color and white, open the bacteria bottle, can smell the smell of mushrooms, all bacteria are too long, mycelial shrinkage, vomit yellow water, dark color, or mycelium serious and green, and green Strains of black or orange and other spores are unqualified and cannot be used. The strains that are endangered by fleas are characterized by hyphae shrinking in the shoulders of the bottle, hyphae are very dark, and even hyphae are not visible on the surface of the culture material. After the bottle wall is slightly hot, many ticks will be crawled, and such bacteria will be eliminated. 2, do a good job in fermentation of materials and cover soil disinfection work. The straw used for the cultivation of materials needs to be fresh, dry and free from mildew. The manure must be exposed to the sun in order to reduce the pests and diseases. The culture materials are often used before and after the two fermentations. The distribution ratio of the culture materials before fermentation is appropriate, and the pH and water content are suitable. After fully fermenting, it can both kill the pests and miscellaneous bacteria in the faeces, and can also be made into high-quality culture materials, so that the mushroom hyphae can be easily colonized and grow, and the mushroom pods can grow robustly, and strengthen their own anti-insect and miscellaneous bacteria. ability. Cover soil is also the main medium for spreading pests and diseases. Disinfection and soil covering is a key measure to prevent many diseases and insect pests. Earth-cover materials should generally be taken from soil below 15 cm above the ground, so as to reduce or avoid the introduction of pests and diseases in the soil into the mushroom house. After the soil is collected, it is exposed to the dry state under the hot sun. Before use, it is evenly diverted with 10% lime water. Then use 10% formaldehyde plus 1% of dichlorvos to spray into the cover soil. Cover with a thin film. Fumigate and kill the insects for two days. Spread them for 1 to 2 days when they are used, and use them after volatilization of formaldehyde. 3, do a good job in the cleanliness of the mushroom house, mushroom house location should be far away from the garbage dumps, pigs and cattle sheds and other places with more pests and diseases. In addition to routine cleaning and hygienic use, mushroom houses should be fully sterilized and pest-killed before use: (1) Bordeaux liquid or bleaching liquid should be sprayed on the cultivation bed frame; (2) The wall, floor, bed frame and surrounding space of mushroom house should be used in thousands of minutes. One carbendazim plus 0.5% dichlorvos spray; 3 whole mushroom room with formaldehyde 10 ml of formaldehyde per cubic meter, 2 g of potassium permanganate or 2 to 4 g per cubic meter volume of aerosol sterilizing box closed fumigation 12 Hours, in addition, the mushroom room doors and windows are best fitted with screen doors, screens, to prevent pests flying. 4, do a good job in the management of mushroom cultivation. 1 timely sowing according to the climatic conditions of various places; 2 good job of mushroom house insulation work to avoid high temperature and freezing injury; 3 strengthen the mushroom house water management. According to the cultivation conditions, keep the mushroom house at a certain temperature; 4 pay attention to the ventilation and ventilation of the mushroom house; 5 mushrooms in the cultivation process should always check the bed surface, found that there are pests or abnormal odor to be treated in time; such as the air does not flow through the wet soil Easy to produce brown gypsum mold, dry culture material surface prone to produce yellow mold, high ammonia content in the culture material easy to produce white gypsum mold, manure umbrella, olive green mold, yellow mold, low temperature culture material easy to produce humicew mold; Yellow mold; 6 mushroom room must be kept clean, removal of mushrooms and contaminated culture materials should be treated in a timely manner, should not be long stay. 5. Use appropriate chemical control measures. 1 After the mushroom bed is covered with soil, spraying a thousandth of formaldehyde aqueous solution or carbendazim liquid on the land and surrounding space can effectively prevent and control various diseases. 2 Spray one-thousandth of formaldehyde solution or carbendazim solution in mushroom house every other month. 3 When it is necessary to use drugs for pests and diseases, choose appropriate pesticides, dosages, and time of application for different pests and diseases so as to avoid ineffective prevention or occurrence of phytotoxicity, mushroom pollution, or human and animal poisoning. 4 It was found that rats were removed or caught in time.

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