I. Seed cuttings
1. The general requirement of the cut size is that the cut weight should not be less than 20-25g, that is, 20-25 cuts per 500g. Take at least 1-2 buds on each cut.
2. Dicing method The 50g or so seed potatoes can be cut into 2 pieces from the top to the tail; the 70-90g seed potatoes are cut into 3 pieces by cutting the 1 piece with 2 buds from the base and the remaining part. Cut into 2 pieces; about 100g seed potatoes can be cut into 4 pieces, which is conducive to increase the number of pieces with apical buds. For large potato chips, it is possible to start from the tail of the seed potato, spirally incline to the top in the order of the buds, and finally divide the top into two.
3. Precautions (1) Care should be taken when cutting a block to avoid it being too small. Because the smaller the block, the less nutrients and water are brought in, it will affect the development of seedlings. In addition, when the cuttings are too small, their drought resistance is poor, and seedlings are likely to appear seeded after sowing. (2) When cutting diseased potatoes, they should be destroyed, and the cutters should be disinfected, otherwise they will spread germs. The disinfection method is to use a fire barbecue cutter, or repeatedly scrub the cutter with 75% alcohol, or use a 1% potassium permanganate to soak the cutter for 20-30 minutes before use.
Second, the germination method When the tuber is chopped, it is first dried at a temperature of 17-18°C and a relative humidity of 80%-85% to dry the wound. It takes 3-4 days to produce a cork layer. Avoid splashing potatoes during germination. In the dry cutting, can not be carried out in a too dry environment, so as to avoid excessive loss of water in the tuber. After the pest block “drys”, it can germinate. The commonly used germination methods are as follows.
1. In greenhouses, germination takes place on the walkway near the root of the greenhouse or in the plastic canopy (away from the end of the shed), and 2-3 layers of brick walls are used to build a pool, depending on the number of seed potatoes. If the ground is too dry, it should be sprayed with a small amount of water to make it slightly damp. Then spread a layer of diced potatoes, spread 1 layer of wet sand or wet saw (do not disinfect, can use sun disinfection, burning disinfection, drug disinfection and other methods ) In this way, three to five layers of yams can be paved, and finally covered with haystacks or sacks to moisturize, but they cannot be covered with plastic film.
2. Nursery seedbeds can use existing seedbeds or dig a seedbed. The germination method is to level the bottom of the bed first, then spread 1 layer of wet sand for each layer of the shop, spread a total of 5 layers of potato chips, and finally cover 1 layer of straw in the sand. The bamboo seedlings on the seedlings are well-knotted and covered with thin membranes. The earth is pressed well around the seedlings and covered with grass and straw to keep them warm at night.
3. When the number of indoor germination seedlings is small, germination can be directly performed indoors. The potato pieces can be packed in the basket, or they can be spread on the ground at 10-15 cm-thickness, and then the baskets or potato piles can be tightly covered with wet sacks or wet grass.
Third, the management during germination
1. Humidity during humidity germination should not be too large. The sand or saw that covers the seed potatoes should not be wetted with water and then sprinkled on seed potatoes. Can not cover the dry sand and then splash water, so there will be a lot of water seepage on the seed, causing excessive humidity. The humidity of the sand is not suitable for hand-held water. During germination, as long as the sand is not very dry, it is generally not watered. If the humidity is high during the germination, it is very easy to cause rooting of the shoot stems. These roots will shrink or die due to water loss before the sowing, which will affect the occurrence of new roots after sowing.
2. The optimum temperature for potato germination is 15°C. Temperatures below 4°C basically do not germinate, and temperatures above 25°C germinate faster, but sprouts are weaker.
3. During germination check, germination should be checked every 5 to 7 days. If the rotten potato is found, it should be picked out in time. At the same time, other potato pieces are also picked up to dry and then germinated.
4. The appropriate sowing shoot length for green shoot potato is 1.5-2cm. When the shoot length reaches 1.5-2cm, the budded potato pieces are placed under the scattered light in the room to turn the buds green. After the buds turn green, their water content is reduced, they become strong, they are not easily knocked off at the time of sowing, and the seedlings emerge quickly and seedlings are strong.
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